Building Lasting Customer Loyalty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Building Lasting Customer Loyalty - Essay Example The variable that drives customer loyalty the most is price. A company that has been able to build tremendous customer loyalty because they offer better price than the competition is Wal-Mart. A lot of customer supports private label brands because they offer greater value than national brands. The quality of the product is another important variable when a company is trying to build customer loyalty. Customers are willing to pay more for products of higher quality. Three additional variables that drive customer loyalty are location, selection, and service. Companies that are able to achieve customer loyalty obtain lower customer switching, increased profitability, and great word of mouth advertising. Six key elements of customer loyalty are: a) build on the foundation of a brand; b) use price to communicate a fair value; c) engage customers with great customer experience; d) recognize good customers; e) reciprocate customer loyalty; f) build intimate relationship with best customers (Bradner, 2007). If your customer has a business that offers items that your company uses it is a good idea to purchase from them to support the business of a client that is providing you with revenues. Marketers must pay close attention to their top customers to ensure customer retention of these key clients. Four types of loyalty tactics are price, experience, programmatic, and relationship loyalty. In the airline industry a company that has had success by offering low fares is RyanAir. s. Programmatic loyalty provides companies with discount and tcalled BK rewards that offers its customers a 5% credit towards the purchase of future food items. In the service industry having a good brand experience is very important to achieve a higher level of customer retention. Chapter 21 Summary The business world has become more interconnected than ever due to faster communication, transportation, and financial flows. The story of Red Bull is a great example of a company that was able to suc ceed in the foreign markets. Today Red Bull has penetrated over 100 countries worldwide. Corporations hold most of the wealth of the world. There are 200 companies that have more money than a quarter of the world’s countries. In 2003 international trade accounted for one-quarter of the U.S. GDP. A global industry is an industry in which the strategic positions of competitors of major geographic or national markets are affected by the overall global position. An example of a global industry is petroleum due to the fact that the majority of the automobile worldwide are powered by gasoline. A global firm is a firm that operates in more than one country. Five major decisions in international marketing are: 1) deciding whether to go abroad; 2) deciding which markets to enter; 3) deciding how to enter the market; 4) deciding on the marketing program; 5) deciding on the marketing organization. Many international markets offer opportunities to achieve higher profitability than the do mestic market in which the companies operate. Expanding into international market allow companies to achieve economies of scale. It also helps companies reduce their dependency on one market. When a company gets attack by international competition a good strategic option is to counterattack by penetrating the domestic market of the international competition. Prior to penetrating a foreign location companies must identify the risk involved with the decision. The company might not understand the foreign nation business culture. The regulation of the country must be understood prior to establishing a presence in a location. For example the environmental laws of the country might impose additional cost the company was not incurring in its domestic marketplace. The four

The Downfall of a Dictator Essay Example for Free

The Downfall of a Dictator Essay Ferdinand Marcos, the man who would be President: his was a story of success. It was a long, arduous climb to the highest office in land. He worked hard to achieve it. It was not an easy road – there were frustrations, obstacles, and public scandals along the way. But he made it. Despite seemingly irreversible defeats, he fulfilled what he promised his mother: â€Å"For every tear you shed now, there will be victory.† (People Power: The Philippine Revolution of 1986) Ferdinand Marcos: The unforgettable among the Presidents of the Philippines, even over the world, then and now. When we here this name the first thing that always come to our mind is Marshall Law or the dictator. In Marcos time corruption reached its apex. The Marcos government was labeled a kleptocracy, literally meaning that it was a government ruled by thieves. A kleptocracy can be defined as a dishonest form of governmental corruption where the government exists solely to increase the personal wealth and power of its officials and the ruling class without regard for the wider population. On September 21, 1972, Marcos declared Martial Law. This marked the beginning of the Marcos dictatorship. Proclamation 1081 placed the entire country under the military. It was signed on September 21, 1972 and announced to the nation in the evening of September 23, 1972. His main reason for declaring Martial Law as to save the Republic and to reform society. He explained that the growing violence in the nation, caused by the leftists and the rightist’s elements had come to certain magnitude that required martial law. During this time, violation of human rights of the people in the rural areas was rampant. Upon his orders, the military picked up and detained thousands of Filipinos suspected of rebellion. Hundreds of detainees were tortured by their captors. Some disappeared and were never found again. Many were held in military detention camps for years without trial. As a result of the foregoing measured, the crime rate in the country was reduced significantly. People became law-abiding. But these good gains did not last long. After a year of martial law, crime rates started to soar. By the time Marcos was removed from power, the peace and order situation in the country had become worse. The rampant violation of human rights of the people in the rural areas suspected of being NPA sympathizers, the injustices committed by some government officials and powerful and influential persons, and the continuing poverty of the people were used as propaganda of the NPA in attracting idealistic young people. Even priests and nuns who were witnesses to the oppression of the Marcos dictatorship join the NPAs. The assassination of Aquino was reported to have awakened the Filipinos to the evils of Marcos as a dictator. Millions of Filipinos who sympathized with Ninoy’s bereaved family, joined the funeral march to mourn for the death of an intelligent leader and to express their feelings against Marcos. August 13, 1985 was the beginning of the end for Marcos. Fifty-six members of Parliament called for his impeachment for graft, corruption, and other high crimes. Marcos called a new election for 1986. His opponent was Corazon Aquino, the widow of Benigno. Marcos claimed a 1.6 million vote victory, but observers found a 800,000 win by Aquino. A People Power movement quickly developed, driving the Marcoses into exile in Hawaii, and affirming Aquinos election. Ninoy Aquino was a great lost to the Philippines. I think that he could have been a great president. Even though some say that he was a â€Å"fake hero† because he really didn’t accomplish anything and that he was â€Å"fighting for himself only† which is according to some comments that I read in some sites, for me he’s really a hero and these things that they said is absurd in my opinion.

Driverless Metro Train With Obstacle Detector Engineering Essay

Driverless Metro Train With Obstacle Detector Engineering Essay INTRODUCTION This project is designed to understand the technology used in driver less metro train. This technology is the future of the metro train. This train will be equipped with the microcontroller as the CPU, Sensors, Displays, and Motors. These trains will be designed for following the specific path. This microcontroller will be programmed such that door opens and close automatically when the train reaches its station. This microcontroller will be programmed for a specific path so that it knows the distance between two stations. It also opens the door when train reaches the station for a certain time and then closes. Also if the train is following its path and in front of train an obstacle is detected the sensor will sense the obstacle from a safer distance so that the train can be stopped before accident. In this project we are using the same pattern described above. Here we are using AT89S52 microcontroller as a CPU. One stepper motor is used for the train so that it can travel between the stations. Second, motor is used for the door open and close. For displaying the number of station and emergency message we are using 2 line LCD displays. Here the train is designed for ten stations numbered 1 to 10. LCD is used to display the message as station number reached. Also buzzer is used as a sound indicator of emergency alarm and door open. Sensor is used to detect the obstacle in front of the train. When the obstacle is detected the buzzer will sound , all the motors stop, and message will be displayed on the LCD. When the obstacle is removed the train will again start moving on its path. The train equipped with microcontroller controls LCD L293D motor driving IC PIR sensor Buzzer Led LIST OF COMPONENTS 1 IC 8051 MC (AT89S52) 1 2 IC L293D 1 3 Transformer (120 V to 12V) 1 4 Voltage Regulator 7806 1 5 Voltage Regulator 7812 1 6 2 X16 LCD display 1 7 Stepper Motor 2 8 Crystal Oscillator (11.0592 MHz) 2 9 Switch 1 10 LED 1 11 Resistors (1k,10k,8.2k,18 SIP10kÃŽÂ ©)- pack of each 12 Capacitors(22pf,10uf,1mf,10nf) pack of each 13 Diode IN4007 4 14 Buzzer 1 15 Transistor (5474A) 1 16 PIR 1 WORKING OF PROJECT: Driver less metro train project is typically based on microcontroller. Where microcontroller used as a CPU is controlling the entire circuit. The micro IC is programmed to follow the sequence of instruction or interrupts generated during the whole operation. The whole project circuit is divided into different parts so that it is easy to understand and debug. The main parts are Main microcontroller circuit L293D motor driving circuit Power supply circuit LCD circuit PIR sensor circuit These four parts are connected together to make the whole project functional. BLOCK DIAGRAM led POWER SUPPLY MICRO 8051 L293D IC MOTOR SENSOR PIR LCD 2X16 BUZZER CIRCUIT DESIGN (MULTISIM DESIGN, ULTIBOARD DESIGN) POWER SUPPLY For explaining the working of the project firstly we explain the architecture of the power supply. For this project we need the power supply that can convert 120V to 12V and 6 V. the main components used in the power supply are: DC POWER SUPPLLY Transformer (120V to 12V Step down, 0.5Amp) IN4007 diodes connected I bridge shape Voltage regulator 7806 and 7812 Capacitor (1uf,10 nf) Resistor (10 kohm) The 120 volts is step down by 12 volts by transformer. Then this 12V is rectified by the bridge rectifier made up of diodes. This bridge rectifier is used to provide DC voltage. Then the 12V is regulated by 7806 to 6V and 7812 to 12V. 1 micro farad capacitor is used to filter the pulsating DC voltage in order to get the pure DC. Here 6V is given to the microcontroller circuit. Other, 12V is given to the motor driving circuit. Here Voltage regulator is used so that no fluctuation occurs in order to get constant voltage. The LED attaches to check the correctness of power supply. PIR SENSOR PIR stands for Passive infrared sensor which detects the motion of the obstacle in front of the train. Its pin 1 is connected to the VCC, pin 3 connected to the ground and pin 2 is connected to the base 0 of the transistor. The output of the sensor is active high which is given to the base of the transistor. This transistor act like a not gate and convert active high input to active low output of the transistor output. The collector of the transistor is connected to the microcontroller port 3.0. Resistance is connected to the base of the transistor to prevent overflow of the current. The output of the PIR sensor is digital. When PIR sensor senses the obstacle in front of the it sends active low input through transistor to the microcontroller as a interrupt. When microcontroller gets this interrupt the programming in the microcontroller stops all the motor bringing the train to stop. Also the led will glow and buzzer will sound showing the presence of obstacle. LCD MODULE In our project we are using 2 line and 16 digit LCD display. This lcd has 16 pins. It is connected as a parallel port to the microcontroller. Here we are using 14 pins two pins are not being used. Out of these 14 pins, 8 pins are used for data lines to communicate with the microcontroller. These 8 pins are connected to the port 2.0 to port 2.7 of the microcontroller. When the message is to be displayed by the microcontroller it is transferred through these data pins. Here data bit D7 is used for showing the busy message. When D7=1 the LCD is busy and when it is D7=0 than it is not. RW, EN, and RD are connected to the port 3 pins P3.5 to P3.7. EN pin is used to detect the high to low pulse. RS=1 is used for register select that is data register to display data coming from microcontroller and RS=0 command register to get command from microcontroller like clrscr. For data register RS =1 and for command register RS=0. For RW we have R=1 and W=0. VCC pin is connected to 5V power supply, G ND pin is connected to ground. CV pin is connected to potentiometer which is used to adjust the contrast of the LCD. MOTOR DRIVING CIRCUIT The motor driving circuit depends upon the output of the microcontroller. 2 motors are connected to L293D IC. This IC is used separately to drive motor because the microcontroller voltage is low to drive the motors. L293D act as a amplifier for driving the motor. Here the output of the IC is same as the input the difference is just that the input voltage is amplified. Two motors are connected to the output of the IC. This L293D IC can rotate motor in either direction. L293D is connected to the port0 of the microcontroller through pull up resistor. In the staring both the motor are in off state. Each motor has two pins that are connected to the IC. Here instead of using both motor we are using CD tray motor that will act like a gate which will open when it get open command from microcontroller and close with the close command. we are using stepper motor that is a electro-mechanical rotary actuator that converts electrical pulses into unique shaft rotations. This rotation is directly r elated to the number of pulses. This motor can be operated in forward/reverse with controllable speed from a microcontroller through a transistor driver circuit. This stepper motor is a (4 phase) 12 VDC, 150 mA motor that takes 3.6 degrees per step. Phase resistance (Ohms): 75 Â · Current (mA): 150 Â · Phase Inductance (mH): 39 Â · Detent torque (g-cm): 80 Â · Holding Torque (g-cm): 600 Â · Mounting hole space diagonal (in.): 1.73 Â · Mounting hole (in.) 0.11 Â · Shaft diameter (in.): 0.197 Â · Shaft length (in.): 0.43 Â · Motor Diameter (in.): 1.66 Â ·Motor height (in.): 1.35 Â · Weight: 0.55 lbs. BUZZER C:UsersAdminDesktopimages (1).jpg In this project buzzer is used as a alarm indicator. Buzzer has 2 pins its positive is connected to the supply voltage and negative pin is connected to microcontroller at port 1 pin p1.0. Buzzer will sound when it receive 0 from the microcontroller and stop when it receive 1 from P1.0. This buzzer will sound when the train reaches the station and also in case of emergency when obstacle is detected. AT89S52 C:UsersAdminDesktopAT89S52-MICROCONTROLLER-configuration.jpg The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-system programmable Flash memory. The device is manufactured using Atmels high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry-standard 80C51 instruction set and pinout. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with in-system programmable Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful microcontroller which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications. The AT89S52 provides the following standard features: 8K bytes of Flash, 256 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, Watchdog timer, two data pointers, three 16-bit timer/counters, a six-vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator, and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89S52 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port, and interrupt system to continue functioning. In this microcontroller 11.0592 crystal oscillator is used to produce clock pulses for the microcontroller functioning. These clock pulses are used for R/W cycle. 2 ceramic capacitor of 22pf are used to provide pure pulse to the microcontroller. A combination of resistance 10 kilo ohm and capacitor of 10uf are used to provide reset circuitry. When we provide power to microcontroller it should be reset for some time. The reset time is given by t= 1.1*R*C. This reset circuitry is connected to port 1 reset pin; this circuit can be manually reset using switch which is also connected to the reset pin. Interrupt pin INTO is connected to the output of the transistor which gives active low input as a interrupt. Port 0 is connected to 18 (10 kohm) SIP resistors to provide the external pull up. Port is used for the output to the motor driver circuit. Port 2 is connected to the LCD module. TROUBLESHOOT 1-Care should be taken while choosing the components with proper rating. 2- Power supply should maintain preventing short circuit. 3- Project should be handled with care since IC is delicate. 4- Project circuit should be simple so that it is to debug. 5-Etching and drilling holes should be done carefully. 6-Soldering should be done with proper precaution Advantages 1-Lower expenditure for staff .However, service and security personnel is common in automated systems. 2-Trains can be shorter and instead run more frequently without increasing expenditure for staff. 3-Service frequency can easily be adjusted to meet sudden unexpected demands.. 4-Intruder detection systems can be more effective than humans in stopping trains if someone is on the tracks. 5-Financial savings in both energy and wear-and-tear costs because trains are driven to an optimum specification. FUTURE SCOPE This project will be useful for the metro trains. This is very low cost project that can be help full in operating the train without driver. One can operate the train from remote distance. It will also be beneficial for the developing countries decreasing the cost of labors. Also the station information and emergency will also be displayed to the passengers. It will going to increase the technology trends. This is just a scratch to start this project there is a lot of improvement can be done in this project APPENDIX CODING FOR PROJECT #include void delay(unsigned int); void lcdcmd(unsigned char); void lcddata(unsigned char); void lcdready(); void welcome(); void obstacle(); void station(); void gate(); sfr ldata = 0xA0; sbit rs = P3^7; sbit rw = P3^6; sbit en = P3^5; sbit busy = P2^7; sbit m11 = P0^0; sbit m12 = P0^1; sbit m21 = P0^2; sbit m22 = P0^3; sbit alarm = P1^0; sbit led = P1^1; void ad(void) interrupt 0 { P0 = 0x00; alarm = 0; obstacle(); } void main(void) { IT0 = 0; // Configure interrupt 0 for falling edge on /INT0 (P3.2) EX0 = 1; // Enable EX0 Interrupt EA = 1; // Enable Global Interrupt Flag P0 = 0x00; alarm = 1; led = 1; m11 = m12 = m21 = m22 = 0; lcdcmd(0x38); lcdcmd(0x0E); lcdcmd(0x01); lcdcmd(0x06); lcdcmd(0x81); while(1) { welcome(); station(); lcddata(1); led = 0; gate(); led = 1; m11 = 1; delay(1000); m11 = 0; station(); lcddata(2); led = 0; gate(); led = 1; m11 = 1; delay(1000); m11 = 0; station(); lcddata(3); led = 0; gate(); led = 1; m11 = 1; delay(1000); m11 = 0; station(); lcddata(4); led = 0; gate(); led = 1; m11 = 1; delay(1000); m11 = 0; station(); lcddata(5); led = 0; gate(); led = 1; m11 = 1; delay(1000); m11 = 0; station(); lcddata(6); led = 0; gate(); led = 1; m11 = 1; delay(1000); m11 = 0; station(); lcddata(7); led = 0; gate(); led = 1; m11 = 1; delay(1000); m11 = 0; station(); lcddata(8); led = 0; gate(); led = 1; m11 = 1; delay(1000); m11 = 0; station(); lcddata(9); led = 0; gate(); led = 1; m11 = 1; delay(1000); m11 = 0; station(); lcddata(1); lcddata(0); led = 0 ; gate(); led = 1; } } void gate() { m21 = 1; m22 = 0; delay(200); m21 = m22 = 0; delay(300); m21 = 0; m22 = 1; delay(200); m21 = m22 = 0; } void welcome() { unsigned char proj1[] = Metro Rail; unsigned char z; lcdcmd(0x01); lcdcmd(0x83); for(z = 0; z { lcddata(proj1[z]); } delay(200); } void obstacle() { unsigned char obs1[] = Obstacle; unsigned char obs2[] = Detected; unsigned char z; lcdcmd(0x01); lcdcmd(0x84); for(z = 0; z { lcddata(obs1[z]); } delay(100); lcdcmd(0xC4); for(z = 0; z { lcddata(obs2[z]); } } void station() { unsigned char st[] = Station ; unsigned char z; lcdcmd(0x01); lcdcmd(0x83); for(z = 0; z { lcddata(st[z]); } } void delay(unsigned int itime) { unsigned int i,j; for(i=0;i for(j=0;j } void lcdcmd(unsigned char value) { lcdready(); ldata = value; rs = 0; rw = 0; en = 1; delay(1); en = 0; return; } void lcddata(unsigned char value) { lcdready(); ldata = value; rs = 1; rw = 0; en = 1; delay(1); en = 0; return; } void lcdready() { busy = 1; rs = 0; rw = 1; while(busy == 1) { en = 0; delay(1); en = 1; } return; }

The Opposing Goals of Comfort and Power in Shakespeares Macbeth :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

The Opposing Goals of Comfort and Power in Macbeth  Ã‚  Ã‚   People have a hard time getting what they want; in fact, the things they want can be incompatible with each other and any attempt to reach one of these goals hurt the other.   In William Shakespeare’s Macbeth (1606), the protagonist is lured to murder the king, Duncan, by the desire for power, an appetite whetted by witch’s prophecies and his wife’s encouragement. But when he reaches the kingship, he finds himself insecure. He attempts to remove threats that decrease his security, including his companion Banquo and his son Fleance, prophesied to be king. His lords grow angry and revolt successfully, after witches lure Macbeth into a false sense of security by further foretelling. In Macbeth, we see that, despite appearances of paradox, man’s goals of comfort and power are forever opposed in increment, though the two may decline together. The power from knowledge causes discomfort. As often has been said, ignorance is bliss. After Macbeth is promised the throne, Banquo asks why Macbeth is less than ecstatic. "Good sir, why do you start, and seem to fear / Things that do sound so fair?" (Act I, Scene 3, p. 332) Macbeth’s new knowledge makes him uncomfortable, as he realizes the implications. His first thoughts considering murdering Duncan appear, and he is scared. After he commits the murder, Macbeth says, "To know my deed, 'twere best not know myself." (Act II, Scene 2, p. 347) Knowing that has committed such a vile act makes him uncomfortable. It will be difficult to act innocent and to deal with his guilt. When he later decides to murder Banquo and Fleance, he tells his wife, "Be innocent of the knowledge, dearest chuck, / Till thou applaud the deed." (Act III, Scene 2, p. 359) Hecate sets Macbeth up for his final fall, explaining her strategy, "As by the strength of their illusion Shall draw him on to his confusion. He shall spurn fate, scorn death, and bear His hopes 'bove wisdom, grace, and fear. And you all know security Is mortals' chiefest enemy." (Act III, Scene 5, p. 365) The security provided by the second set of predictions is only fleeting. Feeling there is no threat to his power, Macbeth acts wildly, bringing his downfall and loss of both comfort and security. The problem with knowledge was that it was power resulting in a decline in comfort. The Opposing Goals of Comfort and Power in Shakespeare's Macbeth :: GCSE English Literature Coursework The Opposing Goals of Comfort and Power in Macbeth  Ã‚  Ã‚   People have a hard time getting what they want; in fact, the things they want can be incompatible with each other and any attempt to reach one of these goals hurt the other.   In William Shakespeare’s Macbeth (1606), the protagonist is lured to murder the king, Duncan, by the desire for power, an appetite whetted by witch’s prophecies and his wife’s encouragement. But when he reaches the kingship, he finds himself insecure. He attempts to remove threats that decrease his security, including his companion Banquo and his son Fleance, prophesied to be king. His lords grow angry and revolt successfully, after witches lure Macbeth into a false sense of security by further foretelling. In Macbeth, we see that, despite appearances of paradox, man’s goals of comfort and power are forever opposed in increment, though the two may decline together. The power from knowledge causes discomfort. As often has been said, ignorance is bliss. After Macbeth is promised the throne, Banquo asks why Macbeth is less than ecstatic. "Good sir, why do you start, and seem to fear / Things that do sound so fair?" (Act I, Scene 3, p. 332) Macbeth’s new knowledge makes him uncomfortable, as he realizes the implications. His first thoughts considering murdering Duncan appear, and he is scared. After he commits the murder, Macbeth says, "To know my deed, 'twere best not know myself." (Act II, Scene 2, p. 347) Knowing that has committed such a vile act makes him uncomfortable. It will be difficult to act innocent and to deal with his guilt. When he later decides to murder Banquo and Fleance, he tells his wife, "Be innocent of the knowledge, dearest chuck, / Till thou applaud the deed." (Act III, Scene 2, p. 359) Hecate sets Macbeth up for his final fall, explaining her strategy, "As by the strength of their illusion Shall draw him on to his confusion. He shall spurn fate, scorn death, and bear His hopes 'bove wisdom, grace, and fear. And you all know security Is mortals' chiefest enemy." (Act III, Scene 5, p. 365) The security provided by the second set of predictions is only fleeting. Feeling there is no threat to his power, Macbeth acts wildly, bringing his downfall and loss of both comfort and security. The problem with knowledge was that it was power resulting in a decline in comfort.

An Exploratory Study on Consumer Decision-Making Behavior in Pakistan Essay

For example, the classical schools of marketing thought relied on the social sciences such as economics, sociology and anthropology and focused on aggregate market behavior. This gave way to the managerial schools of marketing thought in which the focus of attention and understanding shifted to the individual customers while social sciences disciplines continued to dominate marketing thinking. Customer behavior is actually a study of consumer buying behavior. Consumer buying behavior tells about why, how, when and where a consumer wants to purchase a product. It tells about the buyer decision making process. (Janssens, 2006) It enlightens the uniqueness of a single consumer, how he makes decision to satisfy his wants. What references he may use in this process, such as family, friends, reference groups, and society in general. (Archana, 2009) Patrick De Pelsmacker conseders that consumers have to impose products in respect to Psychological behavior and needs which further alienated in Perception, Learning, Attitude, Personality, and Lifestyle. (Patrick & J. 2007) Behavior of consumers in different part of Sahiwal city will be analyzed by using questionnaire method. This research will also give insight into Social influences regarding Family, Social class, Reference groups and Culture of consumers. (Brinkmann, 2004) This behavioral study will also enlighten on needs and wants in consumer buying behavior. The results will also show the consumers’ extent of loyalty, trust and satisfaction in retail brands that have a direct impact on their purchase decisions. (Constantine, E, ; Rigopoulou) Consumer behavior is an integral part of our daily lives. The psychological and social processes involved in buying and consuming goods and services form the subject matter of this text. The objective positivist approach to studying cause and effect in consumer behavior (as in any other kind of behavior), will be combined with the interpretive emphasis on trying to understand the emotional, non-rational aspects of the process. The environment which the consumer operates in, including the nature of the market place for goods and services, also needs to be considered. Behavior of consumers in different part of Sahiwal city will be analyzed. This research will also give insight into Social influences regarding Family, Social class. This behavioral study will also enlighten on needs and wants in consumer buying behavior. The results will also show the consumers’ extent of loyalty, trust and satisfaction in retail brands that have a direct impact on their purchase decisions. Data should be collected from the target market and then will be analyzed through SPSS software.

Letter of Motivation Essay

Today’s world is like an open book. We people now have information at our fingertips and that has helped us in drastically improving the way we live. This change in our world, into one huge global entity can be attributed to the communication revolution that our world underwent. From the radio to the computer, the developments in the field of electronics have intrigued me since childhood. My interests became my passion and motivated me to pursue my Bachelor degree in Electronics and Communication. My quest for hands-on experience motivated me in making a radio receiver in my third semester of Bachelors. But after finishing my B-Tech, I realized that I had mastered only the basics and that there is still a lot more to learn to truly comprehend the nuances of the subject. This led to my decision to pursue a Master degree and broaden my knowledge base. I believe that being able to pursue a Master Degree program in Hochschule Darmstadt will also be a motivation for me to further study and research in a field that has interested me for so long. My decision of applying to Hochschule Darmstadt, for Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies is based mainly on the course structure and the various research opportunities that I will encounter there. The eminent panel of experts handling the various topics and the resources of the university assures me of the studying experience that I hope to have. As part of my Bachelors project I did a MATLAB based project named â€Å"Copter Eyes† with introduction of a new Video Mosaicing technique. My project brought forth a comprehensive technique of real time color Video Mosaicing which invited the attention and funding of two major Institutions namely â€Å"Center for Engineering Research and Development (CERD)† and â€Å"Kerala State Council for Science Technology and Environment (KSCSTE)†. As part of the mini project of my Bachelors course, I have also worked on a microcontroller based device that works on various modes and functioned as ASCII transmitter and receiver, Pulse Width Modulator, IR Tester, Capacitance and Frequency Meter, Signal Generator, Voltage meter and Logic Probe . This small endeavor of mine was greatly appreciated by my lecturers and has been adopted by the Communication Laboratory of my college. My initial idea for the Bachelor project was a communication based project, but due to the lack of technical knowhow I was not able to go through with my project. I believe that with the knowledge pool in Hochschule Darmstadt I would be able to work on this project and also hopefully on other new ideas. I have an interest in teaching and I am currently helping many Electronics and Communication students with their MATLAB based Engineering projects at the â€Å"Institute of Human Resource Development†. I am a firm believer that knowledge grows with spreading and my teaching helps me enrich myself and the young minds of India. I am also an active member of an international organization called ICPF (Inter Collegiate Prayer Fellowship) whose vision is to impact the new generation with the Lord’s Word. I was also the coordinator of â€Å"Electrino Association† of my college responsible for organization of seminars, project expos and technical fest in the field of electronics and communication. I have won many prizes in technical fests and technical quiz competitions. I am also a sport enthusiast and have won many prizes in athletics, especially in long jump. I believe that my involvement in extracurricular activities helped me to become a dynamic and responsible person. It is my greatest desire as a student, to pursue Masters Studies in a course that would help me stand out in a crowd, from a university that can offer an enriching and exciting academic life, so that I can propel my career with an excellent start. I sincerely hope that considering my academic record and my interests, I would be able to associate with your prestigious university in successfully pursuing a Masters degree in Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies. I also hope to contribute to the research work being conducted in Hochschule Darmstadt and thereby gain significantly from the expertise that the university has in this prospective field.